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主语从句是什么

2022-01-24 19:21:45

  主语从句即在复合句中充当主语成分的句子。例如“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all”。

  他在很短的时间内写完作文让我们都很惊讶,此复合句主要描述的是某事让我们惊讶,某事就是该复合句的主语,因此“That he finished writing the composition in such a short time”便是该复合句的主语从句。

  引导主语从句的连词

  从属连词:that whether

  连接代词:who whoever whom whose what whatever which whichever

  连接副词:when where how why

  语法说明

  1、主语从句的时态不受主句时态的影响和限制

  (1)That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.

  他在如此短的时间内写完作文使我们十分惊讶。

  (2)Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.

  我们明天是否会去郊游仍旧未知。

  2、主句谓语动词是过去时,从句谓语动词一般需用过去时

  (1)从句与主句的谓语动作同时发生,从句用一般过去时或过去进行时。

  I thought that he studied hard.

  我认为他学习很努力。

  (2)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之后,从句用过去将来时。

  He said he would spend his holidays in Qingdao.

  他告诉我他将在青岛度假。

  (3)从句谓语动作在主句谓语动作之前,从句用过去完成时。

  They told me they had waited for me half an hour.

  他们告诉我他们已经等了我半小时了。

  (4)从句如果有表示过去某一具体时间的状语,仍用过去时。

  She told me her brother died in 1945.

  她告诉我她的哥哥(弟弟)死于1945年。

  3、从句时态不受下列客观的条件影响

  (1)从句说明的是不受时间限制的事实或真理(客观真理)。

  The teacher told us that the earth turns from west to east.

  老师告诉我们地球自西向东转。

  (2)当从句表示的是反复出现的时态不变。

  She told me that she gets up at six o'clock every morning.

  她告诉我她每天早晨6点起床。

  (3)当从句的谓语动作仍在继续时,或者表示现在仍在的状态时,时态不变。

  He said that the workers in that factory are trying to fulfill the task in time.

  他说那家公司的员工正在全力及时完成任务。

  (4)当从句的动作状态还未发生,要用一般式表示。强调与现在的联系。

  He said he will wait for me this evening.

  他说他今晚将等待我。

  4、通常把形式主语it放在句首位置,真正主语搁置于句末

  It is certain that he will win the match.

  他一定会赢得这场比赛的。

  It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.

  他的确在化学领域有了一个伟大的发现。

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